Sound for Video Session: Limiter vs Compressor

In this week's session, we talk a little about the difference between a limiter and a compressor when it comes to recording dialogue thanks to a question from Gary Davies. Thanks Gary!

In short, a limiter is a very aggressive compressor, typically with a rather extreme compression ratio like 20:1. Limiters are generally used to prevent clipping and distortion when someone suddenly modulates and gets really loud. A compressor can also do that but is often used for other types of effects as well. More in the video!

Choosing Reference Monitors for Editing Sound for Video

To edit your sound for video and film projects, you’ll need some speakers to play back that sound. You could just use whatever speakers for headphones or earbuds you happen to have kicking around, but its really difficult to get a consistent sound with these.

So what do you do when you’re ready to take your sound to the next level? You may want to look at reference monitors. These are speakers which are specially designed to play back your recorded sound as accurately as possible. This will help you find and fix any problems with your sound.

In this episode, we have a look at 5 different reference monitors (below) and talk through which of them might suit you best, especially if like me, you’re editing in a small spare bedroom at your home.

If you want to measure your monitors and room, you can use the free Room EQ Wizard. Here's a tutorial on How to use Room EQ Wizard (Courtesy of GIK Acoustics)

Also, special thanks go out to B&H Photo/Video for lending us the monitors for evaluation.

Focal CMS 40 Monitor 4” woofer - this was my pick for sound editing in small rooms. Priced at $425 USD each.

Focal Alpha 80 Monitor 8” woofer - this was the most exciting monitor and would work great in larger rooms. Steer clear for smallish rooms (e.g., 6 meters by 6 meters or less)

KRK Rokit Powered 8 Monitor I’ve had a set of these for 6 years and they’ve served me well. They’re quite good in rooms with bass traps

JBL LSR308 8” woofers. They’re quite good in rooms with bass traps, but do have rear facing ports - best for larger rooms.

Yamaha HS8 Very popular monitors in the music production world. 8” woofers. They’re quite good in rooms with bass traps, but do have rear facing ports - best for larger rooms

Aputure LSC20 LED Fresnel Accent Light

At NAB 2016, Aputure announced a very cool little LED fresnel light they call the LSC20. This is designed primarily as an accent light, comes with barn doors and the ability to zoom the beam angle like a traditional fresnel. It also includes a slot for gels to either match your main lights or add a colorful accent. In addition, the light can be powered with 5-18V DC power which means you can use the included DC adapter, a USB charger such as those most phones use, or professional batteries like Sony VLock or Anton Bauer gold mount batteries. Looks like a pretty nice flexible and lightweight addition for location lighting kits.

The only bad news: they're not available just yet, but we should see them in the September 2016 timeframe.

Special thanks to Scott Vanderbilt who was kind enough to bring his brand new Sony FS5 camera to film this series.

Record Audio Wirelessly to Your Phone: Samson Stage XPD1 Wireless USB Microphone System

Samson’s Stage XPD1 wireless USB microphone system allows you to record audio wirelessly to your phone, tablet, computer, or even to one of Samson’s Expedition PA speakers for live sound. The kit with the headset microphone is a nice option for those doing demo videos, whether that be exercise, cooking, or anything similar to that.

The headset microphone is ideal for demo videos where you’re ok with the microphone showing in the shot because it places the microphone on your cheek which results in very good sound quality and is immune to the clothes and movement noise you will often get with lavalier microphones. The kit with the headset microphone is priced at around $100 USD at the time of this review.

Izotope Pro Audio Essentials: Learn About EQ, Sample Rate, Compression for Free

For those who love to learn, Izotope has a new, free set of videos and practice games to improve your understanding of sample rates, EQ, and compression. While it is focused more on music production, these are essential skills for film and video sound as well.

Speaking of which, I just wanted to mention: If sound for film is your passion, you're sort of like a specialized ninja. There aren't a lot of us and we have to learn by translating what we can learn from a world where most of the focus is on music production. Good job, ninja. Keep up the good work!

Linear Phase EQ Plugin Special Pricing

In our last sound for video session we covered high pass filters. One thing I showed was that applying a high pass filter can mess with your waveform's symmetry, essentially robbing you of headroom. Then I showed that the RX5 high pass filter, didn't see to have that effect.

It turns out that RX's digital high pass is what is called a "Linear Phase EQ" which means that it is generally won't change the phase of your waveform when applying a high pass. That's a good thing.

But Izotope RX is a pretty expensive piece of software and not all of us can afford that. As an alternative, I just received an email from WAVES, makers of audio plugins, with a deal today on a linear phase EQ (which includes a high pass filter) and a linear phase multiband compressor for $69. The normal pricing for these two is about $300 USD. WAVES makes quality plugins so if you are in the market, this is probably worth a look.

Aputure Camera-top LED Light and Smartphone Lavalier Microphone

Aputure was kind enough to send me samples of two of their new products: The A.lav EZ which is a lavalier microphone which records to most mobile phones and the Amaran AL-M9 camera-top LED light.

In this episode we give you a quick look and listen to both of these. The lavalier is a great choice for those who will be recording video with their phone because it includes a nice long 3 meter cable and sounds much better than the phone’s in-built microphones. The Amaran LED light is quite impressive for its size. The color quality is quite good and with its in-built Li-Ion battery and light weight, you can take this anywhere with ease. We show how to soften the light with a 5-in-1 reflector.

The A.lav EZ is available now for less than $25 USD and the Amaran AL-M9 is coming soon.

Thoughts on Buying Audio and Lighting Gear

"Should I buy the Audix SCX1, the AKG Blue Line or should I save up for an Audio Technica AT4053b?" I see questions like this quite often. And truthfully, I've asked myself questions like this lots of times.

Before I jump in and attempt to give you some of my thoughts I want to first of all make one sweeping statement which I believe all enthusiast film makers and videographers should consider: Audio and lighting gear is generally a better investment than camera gear.

Please do not misread that statement. I am not suggesting that you should not buy cameras. If you want to make films, you need at least one camera. However, I see so many cases where a filmmaking enthusiast carefully saves up their money for that amazing new camera from Sony or Panasonic or Blackmagic Design and spend their entire budget on the camera and absolute bare essentials to get that camera to the point where it can shoot, i.e., a lens and a tripod. Then, they have no more budget left for lighting or sound gear.

And of course, we all have to start somewhere so I'm not saying this is something you should never do. You pretty much have to on your first purchase.

But here's the thing. In two or three years, that camera will be considered rather dated and most filmmaking enthusiasts will be scheming new ways to upgrade to a better, more recent camera. And if said filmmaker made a good decision on which camera system to buy into, and let's be honest, got a little lucky, they can buy a new camera which can still use all of their existing lenses and other gear. But then they still have no funds left to buy lighting or sound gear.

Here's something to consider: If you buy a good microphone, it can easily last you 10 years. And I'm not even talking about super expensive microphones like a Schoeps Super CMIT 2U which retails for well over $4000 USD. I'm talking about a decent microphone which will work for most of your productions, maybe $200 USD or perhaps even up to $1000 USD. Note, this is significantly less expensive than all of the Sony alpha full frame cameras, less than a Panasonic GH4, and less than most of the Blackmagic design cameras. 

Over 10 years, you'll likely get more usable hours out of a microphone.

Also, while a camera is necessary to make films, if your scenes are well lit and the audio is well recorded (i.e., with an external microphone, and preferably with a proper audio recorder) your production value can be very good, even with a more modestly priced camera. Even with a $500 camera.

Another thought: When first starting, it may be that you can only afford a $20 lavalier microphone. That's ok since one of the most important factors to getting great sound is to get the microphone close to the talent.

But I would warn against a slow climb up the gear ladder to get to where you want to be. That is the most expensive way with potentially few benefits along the way. Instead, try to get to a "Buy once, cry once" frame of mind.

Upgrading from a $20 lavalier microphone to a $79 microphone and from there to a $120 microphone to a $250 microphone to a $400 microphone would cost you $869 over the course of time. You may be better off just sticking with that $20 or $79 microphone until you've saved up enough for that $400 model because often, there isn't that much difference between each of those price points in terms of audio quality or other problem solving features.

Consider lighting instruments: If you buy a clamp light with a consumer bulb and are able to get decent results, why bother upgrading to a $120 LED panel with poor color quality and relatively little light output., then to a $400 LED panel with more output but still poor color quality, then finally to a $700 LED which has good output and color? Why not keep the clamp light until you're ready to invest in that $700 panel and in the meantime focus on your skills and building out your grip kit?

Now please understand that I'm preaching mainly to myself here. I've done a lot of little upgrades that haven't amounted to much. I've bought microphones at all of those price points. I've done almost the same on the lighting front. Now I have some lighting gear and microphones which I never use. And if a piece of gear doesn't provide significant improvement over the gear it is replacing or solve a clearly identified problem, then why spend the money?

So let's all be a little wiser out there, friends! Let's pull back on the silly gear ladder climb and focus on our skills and upgrading when we need to solve a specific problem or will find a substantial production value boost!

I'll do my part by borrowing gear where I can and comparing and reviewing them so that you hopefully don't have to gamble your own money.

Cheers!

Why do Pros Use Zaxcom Mixers/Recorders/Wireless?

Consider this an educational piece. I am not trying to convince enthusiast and semi-pro film-makers that they need gear in this price range to make meaningful films. Instead, consider this a quick tutorial so that some day when you reach sound ninja status and you're working or assisting on a job where they are using Zaxcom gear, you'll be all set with a good overview of why they chose to use Zaxcom.

Knowledge is power. Here's some knowledge.

Again, not trying to sell here, but if you are curious about pricing, you can visit Trew Audio.